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31.
为了提高鮑资源的利用率,开发新型香精,以鲍蒸煮液美拉德反应产物为基料,感官评定为指标,在单因素及L_9(3~4)正交试验基础上,确立了口感和海鲜风味俱佳的鲍复合调味品最佳配方为:盐添加量35%、味精添加量40%、玉米淀粉添加量9%、鲍风味基料添加量为6%、白砂糖添加量4%、麦芽糊精添加量3%、呈味核苷酸二钠(I+G)添加量1.5%、酵母抽提物添加量1.5%。研究了不同的造粒方式和干燥方法对颗粒产品吸湿性、溶解性、流动性、质构特性及感官评定的影响;相关理化、性能指标为:完全溶解于90~100℃热水中的时间需要72 s,且分散良好、溶液微浑浊、无沉淀,鲜味足;堆密度为(0.61±0.01)g/cm~3,硬度为(3 642±122.198)g,吸湿性为(9.35±0.01)%,临界湿度值为60%,休止角为33.0°,总体可接受度为(7.81±0.12)分。研究结果表明,旋转造粒和流化床干燥的产品质量最佳,吸湿性比较小,溶解性、流动性和质地性都比较好,感官评分最高。 相似文献
32.
Comparison of immune responses and antioxidant status of different generations of growth‐selected Portunus trituberculatus families 下载免费PDF全文
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inbreeding on the immune responses and antioxidant status of Portunus trituberculatus juveniles. Results showed that inbreeding affected the total haemocyte count, and phagocytic, pro‐phenoloxidase (propo), phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities decreased after the seventh generation. Antioxidant status showed a similar pattern: total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and GSH/GSSG in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas decreased, while catalase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in α2‐macroglobulin and bacteriolytic activities in the cell‐free haemolymph and glutathione peroxidase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas among nine inbreeding generations. Gene expression levels of proPO and crustin in haemocytes and SOD in haemocytes and hepatopancreas also decreased significantly as the inbreeding generations increased. The results suggest that a high level of inbreeding could severely reduce the physiological health of P. trituberculatus. Our obtained data would be particularly useful for P. trituberculatus breeding programmes. 相似文献
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This study aimed to investigate the possible causes for inconsistent performances of upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties in uplands and lowlands, while identifying important determinants in grain yield under deficient soil moisture. We compared the growth and yield of NERICA 1 and NERICA 5 to those of Yumenohatamochi, a Japanese upland variety, and Hinohikari, a Japanese lowland variety, subjected to different water management regimes (continually flooded, supplementary irrigation, and non-irrigation). Under conditions of deficient soil moisture, panicle number per square meter, spikelet number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight of NERICAs decreased, whereas the panicle number of the Japanese varieties experienced little change. In contrast, the grain filling ratio was unaffected by water management, irrespective of variety. The primary source of yield reduction under low soil water conditions was a decrease in spikelet number per panicle, and water stress intensity was the primary factor for the degree of this reduction. Variation in the abortion of secondary rachis-branches caused differences between NERICAs in their spikelet number response to soil moisture deficiency. The inconsistency in NERICA performance across uplands vs. lowlands can be partially attributed to variation in yield response to low soil water conditions. Moreover, water stress intensity and the presence of a water gradient along the vertical soil profile may combine to affect the fluctuation in NERICA performance under upland conditions. 相似文献
35.
Comparative functional responses of native and high‐impacting invasive fishes: impact predictions for native prey populations 下载免费PDF全文
Zhiqiang Guo Danny Sheath Fatima Amat Trigo J. Robert Britton 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):533-540
Comparative functional responses (FRs) can predict impacts of invasive species, including piscivorous fishes, via quantifying their depletion of native food resources as a function of prey density. The utility of FRs for predicting impacts on prey populations by invasive fishes of different trophic guilds was tested here by comparing the FRs of the invaders Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, with three native, trophically analogous fishes, Barbus barbus, Squalius cephalus and Tinca tinca. Chironomid larvae and Gammarus pulex were used as prey items. Predictions, developed from studies on the foraging of C. carpio and C. auratus in the literature, were that the invaders would have significantly higher consumption rates for chironomids than the native fishes, but not for G. pulex. Mean consumption rates for chironomids were significantly lower for both invaders than B. barbus and S. cephalus, but were similar to T. tinca. Barbus barbus had a significantly lower consumption rate of G. pulex than both invaders, but there were no significant differences between S. cephalus, T. tinca and the invaders. All FRs were type II, with FR curves for the invaders preying upon chironomids never being significantly higher than the native fishes, contrary to predictions. For G. pulex, some significant differences were apparent between the invaders and native fishes, but again were contrary to predictions. These results indicated that when predation impacts of invasive fishes could also be a function of their population density and body sizes, these parameters should be incorporated into FR models to improve impact predictions. 相似文献
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马铃薯晚疫病的病原是致病疫霉菌(Phytophthora infestans),该病原菌在侵染马铃薯过程中分泌大量RxLR型效应子,但目前绝大多数RxLR效应子的功能和作用机制尚不明确。本研究成功克隆了致病疫霉菌的一个RxLR效应子PITG_16427.2,在本氏烟中瞬时表达PITG_16427.2,发现该效应子能够抑制6种激发子(INF1、PsojNIP、BAX、SIF2、Avh238、Avh241)激发的植物免疫反应。进一步研究发现,效应子PITG_16427.2在晚疫病菌侵染马铃薯早期上调表达。在15个致病疫霉菌株和3个同属菌株中克隆该基因,克隆到氨基酸序列一致性超过93%的同源基因,这些同源基因均能在本氏烟中抑制INF1和Avh241引起的HR,揭示了该效应子在病原卵菌中序列和功能的高度保守性。在本氏烟和马铃薯感病品种Désirée中瞬时表达PITG_16427.2,发现该效应子能够显著促进晚疫病菌的侵染。通过qRT-PCR方法检测发现,乙烯信号的相关基因ERF1显著上调,而水杨酸信号相关基因PR1b显著下调,表明PITG_16427.2在晚疫病菌侵染过程中可抑制寄主的SA信号途径,促进晚疫病菌侵染。因此,RxLR型效应子PITG_16427.2是致病疫霉菌中一个重要的侵染致病因子。 相似文献
39.
为了筛选出最适合黑皮冬瓜Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.的光合光响应模型,为其育种提供理论依据,以同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜为试验材料,对8种经典的光合光响应模型适用性进行了比较分析。结果表明:二次多项式能够表现出光抑制情况,但在拟合过程中出现暗呼吸速率为正值、光补偿点为负值及无法解释当光强达到饱和后光合速率快速下降的问题;直角双曲线、非直角双曲线及指数函数Ⅰ、指数函数Ⅱ无法直接求取光饱和点、光补偿点,结合常用的光饱和点的计算方法得到的光饱和点与实测值均存在较大的偏差,且指数函数Ⅱ在计算光饱和点时表现出明显的人为性,也无法拟合光抑制情况,但4种模型拟合得到的光补偿点均与实测值相差不大;指数修正模型因系数β为负值,无法求取四倍体黑皮冬瓜材料的光饱和点和最大净光合速率,且拟合得到的四倍体黑皮冬瓜的光补偿点明显低于实测值;直角双曲线修正模型计算得到的暗呼吸速率及二倍体黑皮冬瓜的光饱和点明显低于实测值,但获得的四倍体及其二倍体的最大净光合速率与实测值最接近,说明其在拟合最大净光合速率上有优势;整体上分段函数计算得到的黑皮冬瓜的各光合参数与实测值最为接近,与实测值的平均相对误差最小,也能很好的拟合发生光抑制部分的光响应曲线。分段函数拟合同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜光合光响应曲线效果较其他模型效果好,分段函数模型为黑皮冬瓜最适合的光合光响应模型。 相似文献
40.
为提高宁夏中部干旱带幼龄期压砂地枸杞灌水效率,保障枸杞产量和品质,进行了3水平灌水定额(300、225 m~3·hm~(-2)和150 m~3·hm~(-2))的田间对比试验,采用综合指标增量最优方法对灌溉制度进行了优化。研究发现:枸杞5月上旬萌芽期耗水以土壤蒸发为主,日耗水量0.6~1.2 mm,6月中旬进入夏果花期耗水量增大,日耗水量2.5~3.7 mm,7月中旬枸杞夏果期耗水量继续增大,达2.4~4.3 mm,7月下旬日耗水量最大,为3.2~4.7 mm,8月中旬耗水量下降,日耗水量3.0~4.2 mm。灌水定额对枸杞产量影响显著(P0.05),灌水定额300 m~3·hm~(-2)时产量最高,为1 402.65 kg·hm~(-2);灌水定额225 m~3·hm~(-2)时枸杞多糖、β-胡萝卜素和黄酮较高,含量分别为4.56%、0.15%和0.41%;灌水定额150 m~3·hm~(-2)时枸杞甜菜碱含量较高,为0.77%。进一步通过综合指标增量最优方法进行优化,结果表明β-胡萝卜素含量最高时得到综合指标增量最大,为-5.4%,总耗水量为450 mm。枸杞夏果花期进入需水关键期,阶段耗水量达70 mm以上,进入6月中旬枸杞需水量增大,旬耗水量达29 mm以上。可见,幼龄期压砂地枸杞产量及品质指标均达到最优的耗水量较难获得,但是在β-胡萝卜素含量最高时可以获得产量和品质多指标耦合的最优耗水量,据此进行灌溉制度优化,可以一定程度上实现幼龄期压砂地枸杞优质高产。 相似文献